Causes and investigation
The mammary gland can grow due to hormonal changes during puberty or in older age. Other causes include medication, anabolic steroids, alcohol, excess weight or illnesses. The term "pseudogynaecomastia" is used when the cause is mainly fat tissue. Before an operation, the cause should be investigated by a doctor, using ultrasound or mammography if anything unusual is found. One-sided, fast-growing or hard lumps should always be seen by a doctor promptly.
Surgery and methods
Depending on the findings, fat is removed by liposuction and the glandular tissue is removed through a small incision at the edge of the areola. For large breasts with excess skin, a skin tightening procedure is necessary, which leaves additional scars.
Aftercare
After the operation, you wear a compression vest for several weeks. Swelling and bruising subside in the weeks that follow. You gradually resume sport and physical activity as instructed by your doctor.
Possible risks
The general surgical risks apply, such as secondary bleeding, infections, wound-healing problems and scars. Specific risks are fluid collections (seromas), sensory disturbances at the nipple, contour irregularities and recurrence if the cause persists, for example with continued use of anabolic steroids or medication.
Costs and health insurance
Health insurers only cover the costs where there is a medical necessity and prior approval. For surgery abroad, this is usually not the case. Ask your health insurer beforehand. You can find prices in the Price list.
Frequently asked questions
Does gynaecomastia go away on its own?
In puberty, often yes. If it persists or appears later, the cause should be investigated.
Do exercise or weight loss help?
With pseudogynaecomastia (mainly fat), weight loss can help. Glandular tissue does not shrink as a result.
When can I exercise again?
As instructed by your doctor, usually after a few weeks and with a compression vest.
Keywords and downloads
GynaecomastiaMale breastLiposuctionGlandular tissueCompression vest
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General information. It does not replace medical consultation or a personal advisory conversation. As of: October 2026. The results of an operation are individual and cannot be predicted; success cannot be guaranteed.